Cabanagem

"'Liberalism' in early-19th-century Pernambuco was a European transplant without an organic basis in the local situation, a transplant that served chiefly as a vehicle for personalism and regionalism and a brake on the development of the nation-state. Examination of provincial revolts between 1821-48 shows how each exploited different facets of 'liberalism' for local purposes"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58.